Guide to Cusco
- Cusco – the capital of the Inca Empire. What to see and how to plan your trip?
- How to get to Cusco?
- What to see in Cusco and the surrounding area?
- Boleto Turístico del Cusco – practical informaction
- How many days is it worth to spend in Cusco?
- When to go to Cusco?
- Cusco – Altitude Sickness
- Is Cusco safe?
- Cusco – what and where is worth eating?
- Cusco – where to take the best photos?
- FAQ Cusco – frequently asked questions
Cusco – the capital of the Inca Empire. What to see and how to plan your trip?
Cusco in Peru is one of the most significant places in South America and the former capital of the Inca Empire. If you are wondering what to see in Cusco, how to plan your sightseeing, and when is the best time to visit Peru, this article is for you.
We share tips on where to go for the best photos of Cusco and how to efficiently combine your stay in the city with a trip to Machu Picchu. In this guide, you will find all the essential information and practical tips to help you plan your dream journey.
Cusco – the capital of the Inca Empire
Cusco, also known as Cuzco, is considered one of the most important cities in South American history for a good reason. It was here that the heart of the historic Inca Empire beat, reaching its peak development between approximately 1438 and 1533.
During this period, the ruler Pachacutec began an expansion that extended the Inca state across the territories of present-day Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and parts of Chile, Argentina, and Colombia. Cusco served as both the political and religious center of this vast empire.
The city’s name is no accident—in the Quechua language (Qusqu or Qosqo), it means “the navel of the world.” For the Incas, Cusco was not just a capital, but the central point around which the entire order of the world revolved.
The end of Inca rule is closely tied to the Spanish conquest, led by Francisco Pizarro in 1532. Today, Cusco is a unique place where history is visible at every turn—from Inca foundations and colonial architecture to the vibrant, modern city life.
We explored how this looks in practice and where to find the most fascinating traces of the Inca Empire in and around Cusco. Join us as we discover them!
How to get to Cusco?
There are several ways to get to Cusco. The city is located in southeastern Peru, high in the Andes, at an altitude of approximately 3,400 m (11,155 ft) above sea level. We were incredibly impressed by the fact that while strolling through Cusco, we were higher than the highest peak in Poland, Rysy.
Cusco is home to an international airport (Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport), which is well-connected with other cities across the country. The most popular flights to Cusco depart from locations such as:
- Lima (the capital of Peru),
- Arequipa,
- Puerto Maldonado,
- Ayacucho,
- Juliaca.
Direct international connections are also available from neighboring countries: Santiago de Chile and Bogota (the capital of Colombia).
Cusco also offers convenient road connections, so you can reach it by car or bus. It all depends on how you plan your itinerary, but the city is easily accessible and definitely a must-see. We traveled to Cusco by bus from Puno, located on the shores of Lake Titicaca.
What to see in Cusco and the surrounding area?
Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, offers a wealth of monuments from both the Inca and colonial periods. After the arrival of the Spanish, the city was rebuilt; however, the conquerors often utilized the solid Inca foundations, adapting the existing architecture to their needs.
The best way to start sightseeing in Cusco is from the main square – Plaza de Armas. Most of the top attractions in central Cusco are within a short walking distance. Once you’ve explored the center, it’s worth heading slightly higher to the impressive ruins located above the city, such as Sacsayhuamán. They are situated about 2 km from Plaza de Armas, but due to the high altitude (approx. 3,700 m / 12,140 ft a.s.l.) and the steep climb, taking a taxi or a local bus is often a good idea.
Important practical tip: for most monuments in the region, a single combined entry ticket is required – the Boleto Turístico del Cusco. You can find a detailed description, prices, and types of this ticket later in this article.
Below, we have prepared a list of the must-see attractions in Cusco that you simply cannot miss.
Plaza de Armas – hearth of the Cusco
Plaza de Armas is the main square and has been the heart of the city since the time of the Incas. It is the best place to see how three worlds intertwine: Inca, colonial, and modern.
Currently, the square is surrounded by colonial buildings, historic churches, and restaurants. However, it is worth knowing that many of them were built on the original foundations of Inca structures. The central point of the square is a fountain adorned with a statue of Pachacutec – the great visionary behind the power of the Inca Empire.
Plaza de Armas is the stage for the most important cultural events in Peru. Events held here include:
- Inti Raymi – the famous reenactment of the Inca Festival of the Sun (June 24th).
- Fiestas Patrias – grand celebrations for Peru’s Independence Day (July 28th).
During our time in Cusco, we had the opportunity to take part in Fiestas Patrias. Peruvians love colorful parades and performances, which give the square an incredible, vibrant atmosphere during the festivities.
For travelers, Plaza de Armas in Cusco is also the perfect starting point for planning further adventures. You will find numerous local travel agencies here offering:
- Tours to the Sacred Valley of the Incas,
- Excursions to Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca) – you can find more information about the route, altitude, and preparation in our guide to Rainbow Mountain.
- Transport and treks to Machu Picchu – more practical information on sightseeing, tickets, and how to get there can be found in our detailed guide to Machu Picchu.
Catedral del Cusco
Cusco Cathedral (Catedral de Cusco) is a monumental temple dating back to the 16th century. Built by the Spanish, it represents a unique fusion of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles. Interestingly, the stones, silver, and gold used for its construction were taken directly from dismantled Inca temples. The sheer amount of gold ornamentation inside is truly breathtaking.
The cathedral complex consists of the main temple and two adjoining churches: Iglesia del Triunfo and Iglesia de la Sagrada Familia.
The cathedral is famous for unique works from the Cusco School (Escuela Cuzqueña). The highlight is the painting of the “Last Supper,” which depicts Jesus and the apostles dining on a local delicacy – guinea pig (cuy). This is one of the most famous examples of blending Christian traditions with Andean culture.
Inside, you will also find the statue of the city’s patron – the Black Christ (Señor de los Temblores), or the Lord of the Earthquakes. According to legend, a procession featuring this statue helped stop a devastating earthquake in the 17th century.
Practical Information:
- Entrance ticket: A separate ticket is required for the cathedral (it is not included in the Boleto Turístico).
- Ticket price: approx. 25 – 40 SOL (Peruvian Soles).
- Location: Plaza de Armas, Cusco.
Qorikancha – temple of the sun
Qorikancha (also known as Coricancha) was the most important temple in the entire Inca Empire. This legendary “Golden Place” still impresses today with its precision of craftsmanship. The temple was built from massive stone blocks, perfectly fitted together without the use of mortar. This unique technology made the structure incredibly resistant to earthquakes, a worldwide architectural phenomenon.
In its heyday, the interior of Qorikancha was entirely covered in gold, and at its center sat a massive golden disc symbolizing the Sun God – Inti.
Following the conquest of Peru, the Spanish dismantled parts of the temple and built the Convent of Santo Domingo (Convento de Santo Domingo) upon its mighty foundations. However, history proved the superiority of Inca engineering – during severe earthquakes, the colonial walls collapsed multiple times, while the Inca foundations remained untouched.
Good to know:
- Entrance ticket: A separate ticket is required for Qorikancha (Santo Domingo Convent), payable at the entrance (it is not part of the Boleto Turístico).
- What you will see: Perfectly preserved chambers dedicated to the Moon, Stars, and Rainbow, as well as the unique fusion of Inca architecture and Baroque style.
Calle Hatunrumiyoc – a mandatory street on the route
Calle Hatunrumiyoc is one of the most famous streets in Cusco and a must-see during any walk through Cusco – located just a few steps from Plaza de Armas and the Cathedral. At first glance, it might seem inconspicuous, but it is here that one of the most impressive examples of Inca architecture is hidden – the Twelve-Angled Stone (Piedra de los 12 ángulos)!
This stone has become a symbol of Inca precision. The massive rock block was fitted into the neighboring stones with such accuracy that, even today, it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them.
The street is short, cobbled, and surrounded by historical buildings – perfect for a leisurely stroll and a few photos. It’s worth stopping here for a moment to admire the details, as they best showcase the mastery of Inca builders.
San Blas – artists' district
San Blas is the historic artisan and artists’ quarter, located on a hill just a few minutes’ walk from the center of Cusco. It is one of those places where it’s easy to get lost… and not want to find your way back!
The area is filled with small galleries, handmade crafts, boutiques, and atmospheric cafes. The district charms visitors with its narrow, cobbled streets and characteristic white buildings, making it perfect for photography. On top of that, it offers beautiful views of Cusco – especially in the morning and at sunset.
This is where you will find the viral Calle Siete Borreguitos (Street of the Seven Little Lambs) – one of the most photogenic streets in Cusco, famous on Instagram for its stairs, white walls, colorful windows, and lush plants. It’s worth arriving early in the morning before the crowds appear!
Right next to it, you will also find a small historic aqueduct, which adds even more charm to the area. It is one of those details that is easy to overlook but perfectly complements the unique vibe of the neighborhood.
Sacsayhuamán
Sacsayhuamán is an impressive Inca complex located on the hills overlooking Cusco. Although it is often referred to as a fortress, it also served religious and ceremonial functions. According to some theories, the city was designed in the shape of a puma—a sacred animal to the Incas—and Sacsayhuamán represented its head.
The most striking feature is the monumental stone walls. Massive blocks were fitted together with extraordinary precision—without the use of mortar—to the extent that it is impossible to insert even a sheet of paper between them. This remains one of the finest examples of Inca architectural mastery.
The complex was constructed during the reign of Pachacutec and stood as a silent witness to the fierce battles against the Spanish during the conquest of Cusco.
From the complex, you can enjoy a spectacular panoramic view of the city.
Qenqo, Puka Pukara, Tambomachay
These three smaller archaeological sites are located close to each other, on the hills above Sacsayhuamán. They are most commonly visited together – either on foot or with short commutes.
Qenqo is a former Inca ceremonial center featuring characteristic channels carved into the rock. It houses an underground chamber and a stone altar where rituals likely took place.
Puka Pukara (“The Red Fortress”) served as a watchtower and a checkpoint for those arriving in Cusco. While less spectacular, it offers beautiful views of the surrounding area.
Tambomachay, often called the “Water Temple,” is famous for its still-functioning canals and fountains, most likely associated with the cult of water.
Boleto Turístico del Cusco – practical informaction
Most of the attractions in and around Cusco can be visited using a single combined tourist ticket (Boleto Turístico del Cusco), which is valid for up to 10 days.
The ticket from the official vendor can only be purchased on-site:
- at the COSITUC office located at Avenida El Sol 103 in Cusco
- directly at the entrance of the attractions, e.g., at Sacsayhuamán.
The cost of the full ticket for international tourists is:
- 130 SOL (adults)
- 70 SOL (children and students).
There is also an option to choose a partial ticket for specific sites.
❗ The ticket is not sold online through the official system – any offers found on the internet are from third-party resellers.
The Boleto Turístico del Cusco includes:
- attractions in Cusco: Regional Historical Museum (Museo Histórico Regional), Museum of Contemporary Art, Museum of Popular Art, Centro Qosqo de Arte Native (folk dance performances), and the Pachacutec Monument
- ruins around Cusco: Sacsayhuamán, Qenqo, Puka Pukara, and Tambomachay
- as well as archaeological sites located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas (Valle Sagrado): Pisac, Ollantaytambo, Moray, and Chinchero.
How many days is it worth to spend in Cusco?
When planning a trip to Cusco, the question naturally arises: how many days should you reserve for sightseeing the city and its surrounding attractions? It all depends on your travel pace and where you are coming from.
If Cusco is your first stop in Peru and you fly in directly from Lima, you should take altitude acclimation into account. In this case, it is best to spend the first day on a leisurely walk to let your body adjust to the high altitude.
However, if you are already acclimated (as we were – after visiting the Colca Canyon and Lake Titicaca), you can jump straight into more intensive sightseeing.
In our opinion, a sensible minimum itinerary looks like this:
- 1 day for exploring Cusco (Plaza de Armas, the Cathedral, San Blas, and selected museums)
- 1 day for the ruins above the city (Sacsayhuamán, Qenqo, Tambomachay, and Puka Pukara)
- 1 day for trekking to Rainbow Mountain – returning to Cusco
- 1 day for the Sacred Valley of the Incas (Pisac, Moray, and Ollantaytambo).
When planning your Sacred Valley visit, consider your next step. From Ollantaytambo, you can catch the train to Aguas Calientes, the easiest gateway to Machu Picchu. Staying overnight there is a great option, allowing you to enter the ruins early in the morning.
Keep in mind that Machu Picchu tickets must be purchased in advance (often several weeks ahead!). In practice, ticket availability often dictates the entire trip’s schedule.
Our stay followed this exact pattern – after exploring the Sacred Valley, we took the train from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes, visited Machu Picchu the next day, and returned to Cusco in the evening. We did the Rainbow Mountain trek the day after returning from Machu Picchu. You might consider this order as well, as the hike to Rainbow Mountain can be quite demanding!
In summary, 4–5 days in Cusco and the surrounding area is the “sweet spot” – no rush, but no boredom either. And if you have more time… Cusco is truly a place you won’t want to leave quickly.
When to go to Cusco?
When planning a trip to Cusco, it’s worth considering what matters most to you. Most travelers choose the months during the dry season because of the higher chance of good weather and sunshine. This is also the busiest time in Cusco and the surrounding region, much more crowded than during the rainy season.
Below, you’ll find a comparison of the different seasons, along with recommendations on which months may be the best choice depending on your travel style and expectations.
| Period | Weather Conditions | Pros | Cons | Best for? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🌞 May – September (dry season) | Plenty of sunshine ☀️, minimal rainfall | Ideal conditions for sightseeing and trekking, best weather in Cusco | Cold nights (down to 0°C), more tourists (peak: June–July) | 👉 Best choice for most travelers |
| 🎉 June (Fiestas del Cusco) | Dry, sunny | Inti Raymi (June 24), festivals, parades, and cultural events | Largest crowds, higher prices for accommodation | 👉 Ideal month to experience Peruvian culture |
| 🌿 April and October (shoulder season) | Good weather, possible light rain | Fewer tourists, green landscapes, good balance of price and quality | Weather is less stable than in the dry season | 👉 Best compromise between weather and crowds |
| 🌧️ November – March (rainy season) | Frequent, heavy rains 🌧️, more clouds | Lower prices, no crowds, very lush nature | Difficult trekking conditions, heavy downpours (especially January–February) | 👉 For those seeking peace and budget options |
The best time to visit largely depends on what matters most to you: the weather, prices, or local events.
Cusco – Altitude Sickness
Cusco is located at an altitude of 3,400 meters above sea level – making it one of the highest major cities in the world! Because of this, some people may experience symptoms of altitude sickness (known locally as soroche).
Upon arriving in the city, it is worth giving yourself time for acclimatization in Cusco. Ideally, spend your first day on a leisurely walk and avoid intense physical exertion – this is, in fact, one of the most important rules, which we discuss further in our comprehensive guide:
How to plan a trip to Peru – a practical guide
If you feel unwell, staying hydrated is helpful, including drinking traditional Andean beverages. In Peru, a very popular and proven remedy for these ailments is coca leaf tea (mate de coca).
Altitude sickness in Cusco is quite common, so there is no need to be afraid – simply approach it sensibly and give your body time to adapt. If you want to learn specific ways to prevent symptoms, prevention methods, and medications:
Is Cusco safe?
Cusco is considered one of the safer cities in Peru, especially when compared to Lima. As a very popular tourist destination, the city center – particularly around Plaza de Armas and the San Blas district – feels comfortable even in the evening.
If you plan to visit the capital as part of your Peruvian journey and are wondering what to look out for in specific neighborhoods, check out our practical guide: Is Lima safe?
However, this doesn’t mean you should completely disregard caution in Cusco. It is wise to keep an eye on your backpack, avoid carrying all your documents and cash in one place, and be wary of people offering “free” photos or services.
A good practice is also using reliable taxis (e.g., ordered through your hotel or via an app), and in the evening, sticking to the city center and well-lit streets.
From our perspective, Cusco was a place where we felt safe – just maintain common sense, as you would in any other major tourist city.
Cusco – what and where is worth eating?
Cusco offers a huge selection of restaurants – from local eateries to modern spots serving Peruvian cuisine with a contemporary twist. If you are wondering where to eat in Cusco and what to try, don’t worry – the options are truly endless.
If your culinary adventure through Peru doesn’t end in the Andes and you also plan to visit the capital, be sure to check out our recommendations from that region. Check out our guide: Where to eat in Lima and which flavors are worth trying there.
In Cusco, we decided to try something that initially seemed a bit controversial – an alpaca burger. As it turned out, it was finger-licking good! Alpaca meat is lean and tender, and combined with fresh avocado and crispy potatoes, it tasted fantastic. If you want to try it yourself, we can recommend a place we’ve personally tested: Yaku Restaurant (see on map).
Speaking of sides – it’s worth remembering that Peru is the homeland of potatoes. This is where they originated before reaching Europe, so while you’re here, you must try them in their many different forms.
If you want to try something even more “non-European” than alpaca meat, cuy (guinea pig) is very popular in Cusco and the surrounding area. It is one of the most traditional delicacies of the Andean region. It’s worth noting that the outskirts of Cusco are famous for so-called cuyerias – establishments specializing in preparing this dish.
If you’re not in the mood for culinary experiments, we recommend lomo saltado – one of the most popular dishes in Peru and also our personal favorite. It is a fusion of stir-fried beef, vegetables, spices, rice, and fries, perfectly showcasing the character of local cuisine.
Finally, something for those with a sweet tooth – chocolate, produced here from cocoa beans grown on local plantations. In Cusco, you will find plenty of places where you can taste it in every form or even take part in chocolate-making workshops.
Cusco – where to take the best photos?
Cusco is one of the most photogenic cities in Peru. Its colonial architecture, Inca walls, and mountain landscapes mean that you can take stunning photos at practically every turn.
Where, in our opinion, is it worth stopping for a longer moment?
The city’s main square is surrounded by its characteristic colonial architecture. If you want to catch a better perspective, it’s worth walking a bit higher – for example, near the Institución Educativa San Francisco de Borja school. From there, you can capture an even more interesting shot of the square with the mountains in the background.
The entire San Blas district encourages you to stop every few steps and take photos – the cobblestone streets, white walls, and artistic vibe truly do their magic.
However, if you are looking for the most Instagrammable spot in Cusco, you must visit Calle Siete Borreguitos. The characteristic stairs, the wedge-shaped house, and the colorful details create a unique setting. It’s best to arrive here early in the morning – we were there around 7:00 AM. Later on, it gets very crowded.
One of the best viewpoints of Cusco’s historic center, located right next to the San Cristóbal Church. From the observation deck, you can enjoy a view of the entire old town with its red roofs, Plaza de Armas, and the Andes – it’s worth arriving here before sunset when the light is warm and soft, blending perfectly with the colors of the city.
This place makes a huge impression – both in person and in photos. The monumental stone walls look great in shots, especially if you capture their scale from the right perspective.
Additionally, the upper part of the complex offers a fantastic view of Cusco and the Andes in the background. Keep in mind, however, that entering Sacsayhuamán requires a tourist ticket.
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F.A.Q.
Cusco – frequently asked questions
The optimal time is 4–5 days. This plan allows for a leisurely acclimatization (day one), a tour of the city itself and surrounding ruins, a full-day trek to Rainbow Mountain, and a trip to the Sacred Valley of the Incas, including a trip to Machu Picchu.
Cusco lies at an altitude of approximately 3,400 meters above sea level (higher than the Polish Rysy Mountains!). Because of this, some people may experience symptoms of altitude sickness (so-called soroche). It’s best to spend the first day resting and acclimatizing, drinking plenty of water, and, if necessary, resorting to a local coca leaf infusion.
No, you can’t buy an official tourist ticket online (online offers are intermediaries). Tickets must be purchased locally in Cusco: at the COSITUC office (Avenida El Sol 103) or directly in front of the main attractions (e.g., Sacsayhuamán). The cost of a full ticket, valid for 10 days, is 130 SOL for adults.
The best weather for sightseeing and trekking (plenty of sunshine, no rainfall) is during the dry season, which runs from May to September. However, you should expect cool nights and more tourists. If you prefer fewer crowds, aim for the transitional months of April or October.
A visit to Plaza de Armas, with its impressive Cathedral (where you’ll find a painting of the Last Supper with a guinea pig), is a must-see. Other must-sees include Qorikancha (the former Temple of the Sun), a stroll down Calle Hatunrumiyoc (with the Twelve-Angled Stone), and a visit to the atmospheric, artistic San Blas district.
Yes, Cusco is considered one of the safest cities in Peru, especially in the tourist center. As with anywhere else, it’s important to exercise common sense: beware of pickpockets, keep an eye on your backpack, avoid scammers, and use reputable taxis after dark.
While in Cusco, be sure to try lomo saltado (beef with vegetables and fries), delicate alpaca meat (e.g., in a burger), and—for the more adventurous—the local Andean delicacy, cuy (guinea pig). Peruvian potatoes and local artisan chocolate are also a must-try.
For the best shots, it’s worth heading to Calle Siete Borreguitos in the San Blas district (preferably early in the morning!), the Mirador de Sán Cristobal viewpoint (especially before sunset), and the monumental Inca ruins of Sacsayhuamán, from where there’s a great panorama of the city.